Cirrhosis. Scarring of the liver (i.e. normal liver parenchyma is replaced by scar tissue) and is the consequence of chronic injury to the liver by any cause. Cirrhosis is caused by ongoing damage to the liver caused by chronic viral hepatitis, alcohol or other liver diseases. Scar tissue in the liver decreases the flow of blood through the liver, thus decreasing production of proteins and slowing processing of nutrients, drugs and toxins.
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Collection of fat cells in the liver. NAFLD is very common and is usually seen in persons who are overweight or have diabetes. The subtype of NAFLD, called Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH), can progress to cirrhosis.
Hereditary Hemochromatosis. A genetic disorder with excessive absorption and storage of iron in the liver and other body organs. Diagnosis and treatment is necessary to prevent cirrhosis (scarring of the liver). Given its genetic nature, screening family members is crucial.
Liver Tumors. Non-cancerous liver cysts and hemangiomas are common. Malignant tumors can spread from other organs to the liver. Primary liver cancer can occur in chronic liver disease patients, especially those with cirrhosis. These tumors can be detected by radiologic imaging and may be associated with certain abnormal blood tests.
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC). A chronic liver disease causing slow but progressive destruction of the small bile ducts in the liver. PBC is more common among women than men and may not cause any symptoms other than abnormal liver blood test, fatigue or itching.
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC). Inflammation and scarring of bile ducts causing narrowing of bile ducts both inside and outside the liver. Symptoms are fatigue, itching and jaundice. This condition is usually seen among men in the 30-50 age group and is often associated with inflammatory bowel disease.